Why was the Supreme Court built in 2010 and how effective has it been at upholding civil liberties?

The Supreme Court was introduced in 2010 as a replacement for the House of Lords as the top law court of justice in the UK, Wales and Northern Ireland. This court has cost approximately 59 million pounds to build and was officially open on 1st October 2009. The enactment of the Supreme Court came about under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (The Supreme Court [Online], 2010) and currently stands as the chief justice in the UK. The main focus of this essay is to examine how The Supreme Court prioritises in the development of the United Kingdom Law thus playing an important task at maintaining fundamental individual rights. Being the most prominent judiciary in the UK, it is also vital to see the difference between The Supreme Court and the previous House of Lords Committee in which The Supreme Court has replaced. The major differences are visible in terms of power and the impact it has on the British Constitution. The main reason The Supreme Court was built is due to the Government’s decision on separating the judicial making functions and the legislative duty of the House of Lords, making this the last step in separation of powers. Lord Philip, 2009) stated that it has come to a situation where the adjudicator are absolutely separated from the Legislature and Parliament. (Raynsford, 2010) claimed that it was right for the Prime Minister, prior consultation from the Parliament, to relocate the Ultimate Court of Appeal (The Supreme Court) from the House of Lords as to avoid confusion between the role of the House of Lords and the role of the Court of Appeal. In addition, this separation of power avoids the judiciary from holding absolute power, thus discouraging corruption and bias from the judiciary through politics and media. (Casciani, 2010) stated that after the running of the Supreme Court, 12 Law chancellor from the House of Lords who were hearing appeals in the Parliament is now the Justices of the Supreme Court and are no more partaking in the House of Lord’s affair. Before the enactment of the Supreme Court, senior judges that are currently in the House of Lords were nlightened to apprehend cases that are of great significant to the public and constitution inside the House of Lords itself (The Supreme Court [Online], 2010). They were eligible to vote for the outcome of the cases and sometimes, if any, would have a major relation to personal political interest. However, with a new key reform in place, Parliament will be responsible for making law on favour of the electorate whilst the judges from the Supreme Court focus on the fairness of the new law when applied to cases (BBC News, 2010). Lord Falconer, 2009) suggested that this new reform would strengthen the judiciary, making it possible for the judiciary to go against the executive’s decisions (Prime Minister and his Cabinet) Moreover, a leading judge has told BBC that Britain’s Supreme Court could be more authoritative than the House of Lords department and Lord Neuberger anticipate that the new court of appeal could hold more power than the government (Rozenberg, 2009). It is believed that the judgment of the justices from the Supreme Court will affect the decisions in the lower courts which, in this case, apply to all the courts in the UK (BBC News, 2010). The Supreme Court also emphasise on corruption issues involving governing authorities in Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland, making sure that they abide and commit within the powers granted to them or whether they successfully complete the duty given to the authoritative government in each state. Lord Neuberger argued that there is a real danger that judges will seize more power than what they currently have (Rozenberg, 2009). Therefore, it is likely that the Supreme Court operates the way the United State’s Supreme Court functions which, upon the Court’s decisions, bind every local law in individual states. For instance, if The Supreme Court decides to change the laws in London (the Capital city), other cities have to follow. (Lord Philips, 2009) stated that such situation is ‘possible’ but is ‘not probable’. However, although the Supreme Court has shown many advantages so far in America, criticisms have arisen on the decisions made by the Supreme Court claiming that it weakens the Court as an institution where the institution is the ultimate guardian under the Constitution of the rights and liberties (Fraenkel, 1960). Lord Phillips who has commented on various contentious subjects in the past states that there was no reason to why Sharia law could not be used to resolve disputes amongst Muslims provided that the sanctions complied with the laws of England and Wales. Furthermore, he openly defended the Human Rights Act, calling it â€Å"a crucial constituent of the basic of our fight against terrorism† and was responsible for handing down the judgement requiring the Director of Public Prosecutions to clarify with certainty the law on assisted suicide (Mitchell, 2011). Lord Phillips added that the decree of the Human Rights Act by the previous administration was an absolute contribution to the maintenance of the rule of law in this country and one for which it deserves great credit (Rothwell, 2010). The Human Rights Act 1998 has played its part since the World War on protecting civil rights and allowing immigrants into the UK where Human Rights are not considered vital in their own country. (Lord Philips, 2009) emphasised on the importance of Human Rights, claiming that the rise and support of terrorism lies in the feelings of discrimination in individuals. Therefore, the need to protect every individual’s family members from discrimination in their foster country is vital. However, Charles Clarke criticised the Supreme Court, claiming that the judiciary do not hold inconsiderable accountability for defending the public and occasionally ignorant about their decisions on how it would affect the public society (Rothwell, 2010). Lord Philips defended the liberty of The Supreme Court stating that the judiciary is only responsible for applying the laws that have been constitute by Parliament, not creating it (Rothwell, 2010). Another case reported in BBC news where the Supreme Court is proven to be effective in its duty to defend individual rights is shown when two homosexual men who said they faced persecution in their homeland have the right to asylum in the UK as ruled by the Supreme Court. According to the judgment made by Lord Hope in the case, to restrain a homosexual person to act that his state does not suppress the attitude by which to distinct itself is to deny his domestic right to be who he is hence homosexuals are as much entitled to the freedom which are given to the people who are traight (BBC, 2010). Ultimately, this essay has thoroughly examined the historic foundation of The Supreme Court, its motive to why the government took a stand on separating the Court of Appeal (The Supreme Court) from the House of Lords as well as the colossal impact it has ranging from the public society to the British Constitution. Even though the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, some disadvantages should be considered such as one stated by Charles Clarke, the previous Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords, claiming that the judiciary does not consider the public’s well being. I am very conscious that I have failed to spot on a few vital and intriguing points and other matters on this subject. The Supreme Court is credibly to be not perfect and widely opens itself to criticism, Although the Supreme Court is new (2010) it may seem to remain as the highest court of appeal for all UK’s domestic cases and criminal cases from Wales, Northern Ireland and England, flourishing as the top court in the UK and uphold its liberty as the forefront in the case law world (The Supreme Court, 2010).Biblography * Casciani, D., 2010. Supreme Court quashes Treasury terror assets order. [Online] Available at: < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8482630.stm> Assessed on May 1st 2011 * Fraenkel, O.S., 1960. The Supreme Court and Civil Liberties: How the Court has protected the Bill of Rights. p.4. * Mitchell, N., 2011. Pen Portraits – Lord Phillips. UKSC Blog. [Online] Available at: < http://ukscblog.com/pen-portraits-lord-phillips> Assessed on May 1st 2011 * Raynsford, N, 2009. Creation of the Supreme Court [Online] Available at: < http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ojsQA2W81I> Assessed on May 2nd 2011 * Rothwell, R., 2010. Lord Phillips defends Human Rights Act. Law SocietyGazette. [Online] Available at: < http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/lord-phillips-defends-human-rights-act> Assessed on April 25th 2011 * Rozenberg, J., 2009. Fear over Supreme Court impact. BBC News UK. [Online] Available at: < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8237855.stm> Assessed on May 2nd 2011 * Supreme Court, 2010. Gay asylum seekers from Iran and Cameroon win appeal. BBC News UK. [Online] Available at: Assessed on May 4th 2011 * Supreme Court, 2010. Role of the Supreme Court, [Online] Available at: < http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/about/role-of-the-supreme-court.html> Assessed on May 4th 2011

Changes Brought by Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights movement, during the 1960s and 1970s, created many changes for both American society and its schools. The transformations were the result of such movements as Bilingual Education, women†s† rights activity, and the passing of the Public Law 94-142 legislation. The incorporation of these new laws and ideas into society all came with their own consequences. Each of them helped, in some way, to lessen the inequality of minority groups in America, like students whose primary language was not English, women, and handicapped children. They also faced opposition by certain groups, who did not eel that their inclusion in American life was necessary. Those fighting for the minorities, though, were steadfast in their efforts, and made many successful The Bilingual Education movement in America began in the late 1960s. It was made to be an important issue due to the fact that many Spanish-speaking children were attending schools that only included the English language in their curriculum. This resulted in low academic achievement rates for the students. Bilingual education programs were developed to try to resolve this dilemma in the American schools. In these programs, teaching was given in both Spanish nd English. Some attempts were eventually made to set a standard for the bilingual education and make it a nationally recognized idea. The Bilingual Education Act, passed by Congress in 1968, made an approach to legitimize the instruction of non-English speaking children (U & W, 317). It did not set any standards though, so how well the act was observed was basically left up to whose arguments were stronger–the opposers or the defenders. The Supreme Court popularized the issue in 1974, in the Lau vs. Nichols case. This case involved â€Å"Chinese American children in San Francisco who spoke little or no English† (ibid. . Those fighting for the children wanted them to receive extra attention in teaching English. After the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the children, various proposals were given to attempt to solve The inclusion of bilingual education in America†s school†s curriculum brought about different ideas on how to resolve the issue. The first of these approaches suggested that there be a special curriculum for non-English speakers, so that they can concentrate on learning the English language. The second involved taking non-English speaking students out of regular classrooms until they learned the language fully. The third approach, bilingual education, suggested teaching the student†s native language and English equally. According to Urban and Wagoner in American Education: A History, â€Å"advocates of this last approach sometimes emphasized biculturalism as well and These attempts were both supported and opposed by various parties. Those who defended incorporation of bilingual education into American schools included politicians and other Hispanic leaders, who were trying to prevent assimilation. Opposers included â€Å"teachers, Anglo politicians, and some Hispanic intellectuals†, who thought that it was important for the children to ssimilate in to the society (ibid. ). Women†s rights activity also became popular in the 1960s, but did not have many large effects on the schools. Teachers did not want to be involved with the feminists, and so the activists also distanced themselves from the teachers. The hard work and determination of the feminists did though, bring about the passing of the Title IX of the Higher Education Act in 1972 (ibid. , 320). This act instilled gender equality in institutions of higher education, and has played a monumental role in regulating fairness among the sexes in colleges and The Title IX continues to aid in maintaining equality between college men and women, among other things, though there is still work to be done. The act has been successful supporting attempts to bring more female administrators into schools. In actuality though, women principals and administrators in schools and school districts are still scarce (ibid. ). Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, was an act of legislation passed by Congress in 1972. It assured that all handicapped children received equal public education. It also allowed disabled hildren to be students in regular classrooms, an idea called â€Å"mainstreaming† (ibid. ). Included in the act, was a development called the individualized education plan (IEP). This plan was for all handicapped students enrolled in the program, and it would analyze the children†s† progress, as well as any goals that Public Law 94-142 encountered intense debates from both supporters and opposers. The children and their parents greatly approved of the special education program because it provided a much more favorable education than what they were receiving previously. They were getting a chance to be educated n the same atmosphere as children without disabilities. Others who opposed mainstreaming and the special education programs included various school officials, and the parents of non-handicapped children. The officials believed that Congress was violating the school system, by enacting educational legislation, without providing a way to fund it. The parents were angered because they felt that the handicapped children brought in to the classrooms would take too much attention away from their children†s† education. This issue was never quite resolved with the legislation, and it still remains today. The Bilingual Education movement, women†s rights activity, and Public Law 94-142 are just a few of the ideas, movements, and acts of legislation that produced changes in American society and the education system in the 1960s and 1970s. Some, like bilingual education, affected what was taught in the classroom. Others, like the women†s rights movement, and Public Law 94-142, transformed the schools themselves, and also who was attending them. Each included their own outcome and consequences when they were enacted. The outcomes, in fact, have allowed for standards that exist in American schools today.

Ethics, Consumerism and Social Responsibility Essay

Ethics, Consumerism and Social Responsibility - Essay Example British petroleum is the largest oil company in the world on the basis of market capitalization and proven reserves. It was established in 1908 with oil found in the rugged Persian Gulf after a long and difficult such. Since then, it has transformed from a local oil company to a global energy group, which focuses on various forms of energy. Their businesses include exploration of oil, production, refinery and marketing chemicals. It is the largest energy producing companies in the world that provide fuel for transportation and manufacturing. It extends its services to marketing of petroleum chemicals with a growing presence in gas and solar energy. Due to the nature of its major product, oil, the company is mostly linked to ethical issues such as environmental challenges on a global scale. However, in recent years, the British petroleum company has embarked on reviewing its ethical issues both to its employees and the public. This move is aimed at improving public confidence and prof it maximization for the company. Ethical business practice This is the use of business policies properly in regard to controversial related issues like corporate governance, corporate social responsibility (CSR), bribery, insider training and discrimination (Terry 2011). It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of a particular individual and the entire organization. The work of business ethics is to implicitly regulate areas and details of behavior that lie beyond government control. Therefore, business ethics ensures good moral business practices in the society hence creating conducive environment for competitors, consumers, suppliers, the government and all other stakeholders in the business. Ethical theories Business ethical theories and principles are the foundations of ethical analysis of the business because they are the viewpoints of the society to the business. Through this analysis, the guidance on the ethical performance of the business can be found. These theories include utilitarian approach, rights ethical approach, justice approach, the common good approach and the virtue approach (Leonard, 2011). Utilitarian approach This is the oldest business ethics theory propagated by philosophers like Jeremy, Bentham, James Mill and Mill’s son John Stuart Mill (John 2002). This approach focuses on using ethical actions that would promote values among the societies while limiting the amount of harm as possible. It therefore incorporates the maximum number of stakeholders for it to succeed. In the recent past, the British petroleum company has not been able to limit the amount of harm caused by the company’s operations. Accidents due to human error and mechanical failures have been blamed on various occasions. For example, explosions in Texas in 2005 that killed workers; also oil spill in Alaska in 2006, which over 250000 gallons of oil spilled through,

Trade and Globalization and Gains of Free Trade Essay

Trade and Globalization and Gains of Free Trade - Essay Example The various inter-governmental organizations are not as much effectual, and international businesses and entities continue to define stipulations. Governments’ role in controlling trade is still enormous and many governments are increasingly accepting it as the norm rather than the exception (Tung and Henry, 2009). Debates in recent times center whether globalization is diminishing trade or increasing it. Questions have been raised about the state the traditional roles and national governments sovereignty play over trade, and the effects that these portend in promoting fairness or inequality among countries. Others have zeroed on the balance of trade and trade payments the less developed countries, the developing countries vis-a-vis the developed world, and the focus on the glaring policy intervention differences between the global north and the global south. This paper states at the outset that Meaning of the term globalization Whereas globalization has been touching on every aspect of society today, scholars and thinkers alike have not agreed on a universal single definition of the term. Instead, a number of definitions, conceptualizations, and perspectives exist depending on which lens one views the concept. Q1. The classical ‘gains from international trade proposition’ In Kemp’s world, the gains must be examined within the confluence of world tarries such that no country in the pedestal of globalization would be worse off than in the smaller customs union (Kemp, 1987). Kemp (1987) observes that the phenomenon of globalization has been extensively used in the world, specifically in admired discourses and policy issues. For him, globalization is a term that describes ways in which the world is progressively more interrelated, organized, and interdependent through a set of socially reinforced processes that is controlled by customs. These processes include among others, integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a scal e that is aiding individuals, corporations and distinct governments to access and ‘navigate’ the world much more, more rapidly, much deeper an by less costly methods (Kemp and Wong, 1995). Kemp further characterizes the global economy and trade as that which is based on spread and networking of data and knowledge, and which is predominantly borrowing from technology to focus on what he calls â€Å"post-industrial and service-oriented† outlook. In addition, cultural and pure political meaning of globalization cannot be authoritatively affirmed without bringing in the aspect of trade and economy. Moreover, cultural and political meanings are now under blockade by global financial and hi-tech reorganization. Kemp thus speaks of a mode that is data centered as a prelude to development. This happens in two ways: Through universal financial links and information, tailored connections and that these are made possible due to hunger for trade. He proceeds to assert that t here is now a tendency to ‘renovate’ places and pressure to control restricted processes of cultural meanings of economies (Kemp, 1987). Q2. The classical GFITP and Proof provided by Grandmont and McFadden (1972). Grandmount and McFadden (1972) observe that businesses in globalization largely function at one of the four basic levels of globalization. The first level is what they call the ‘’multi-domestic’’ company.

Starbucks Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Starbucks Master - Case Study Example 2002). Since inception, Starbucks has also been able to institute a new philosophy of paying higher prices for high quality coffee. The company believes that the high prices it pays for coffee will enable Starbucks to be "a potential force for positive reform in every part of the coffee supply chain." Orin Smith, Former President and CEO, Starbucks Corporation This report would aim to analyse the Starbucks Case Study from the point of view of two modules, namely Business Strategy and Organisational Identity. Both of these modules will be discussed separately and then they will be integrated to give a complete picture and analysis of the Starbucks case. This report will also discuss Starbucks' competitive advantage, its corporate social responsibility, and global growth. A further study of Starbucks value chain, and the company's supply chain and management will be analysed to show the organisation's strengths and its strategy. In the second module of organisational identity, the Starbucks core identity will be identified and analysed, along with the society and the individuals involved with the organisation, and the targeted market. Furthermore, this paper will analyse Starbucks impressions management and its adaptive stability/instability, so as to discern the true picture behind the profitable organisation. COMPANY OVERVIEW Starbucks was founded in 1971 by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegel. The trio opened up a store in Seattle and named it Starbucks Coffee, Tea, and Spice, in honour of Starbuck, the coffee-loving first mate in Herman Melville's Moby Dick. The company's logo is a mermaid with two tails, with the store's name around it. The company began to be profitable every year, and by the early 1980s, there were four Starbucks stores in the Seattle area alone. However, the roles of the founders of the company went through some major changes, and Jerry Baldwin took over the daily management of the company, while Gordon Bowker remained involved as owner, though he devoted most of his time to other business ventures, and Zev Siegel left the company.As stated on the company's website, the Starbucks' vision is to "establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world." (www.starbucks.com). Starbucks corporation offers products like pastries, specialty coffees, cold blende d beverages, coffee beans, tea and coffee related products. Starbucks first opened a location in Seattle, in 1971, and three decades later, the company had more than 3,300 locations, and is still on the increase. MissionStarbucks' mission is to "establish Starbucks as the premier provider of the finest coffee in the world, while maintaining uncompromising principles as the company continues to grow." (www.starbucks.com) this mission statement, and the positive effects that the company has brought to bear in its operating communities has ensured continued customer loyalty for the company. In 1982, Howard Schultz was recruited into the company.

Dissertation,Cross Culture Communication at Restaurant Literature review

Dissertation,Cross Culture Communication at Restaurant - Literature review Example Perhaps it is imperative to understand culture because it is the backbone of solving intercultural communication in every organizational set-up including restaurants. Merkin (2011) defines it; culture refers to customs, beliefs and formalities that define a society. Society in this context may be tribe, nation, region or business entities. The technological advancements and emergencies of multinational companies operating across borders consider the study of cross-cultural communication an inevitable move. For instance, if a U.S companies considers establishing a Greenfield investment in Nigeria, the company needs to understand how to communicate with Nigerians because aspects such as marketing largely depend on communication. Additionally, the company will have to employee Nigerians to work hence knowing how to talk enables the company handle their workforce appropriately. The scenario primarily applies to the hospitality industry that absorbs a large number of workers. Merkin (2011) emphasizes that migration across borders has been on the increase due to the quick transportation means, hence understanding cross-cultural communication helps peop le when they seek opportunities in various industries. Organizations too, benefit as they get to comprehend how to manage a diverse workforce. First, the demographic shifts illustrate that international migration is on the rise due to factors such as education, business activities, and work and government diplomacy. Evidently, people from different nations, tribes and regions are likely to find themselves existing in a single social setting. Understanding cross-cultural communication is necessary to promote harmonious living where people do not feel their culture is despised. Secondly, intercultural communication is strategically important to companies that have the diversified workforce and operate as multinational (Pekerti and Thomas, 2015). For instance, the

The Evolving Role of Government in Education Essay

The Evolving Role of Government in Education - Essay Example Further concerns of long-term socio-economic as well as political implications that such preparations portend have been a factor that has driven these debates. Therefore, there has been a consensus that the federal government ought to take matters of education holistically with a view to changing policies and streamlining education, which will be relevant in this century and age (Sunderman, 2010). Indeed, the president and the U.S Secretary in charge of education have made policy intervention calls to address education crises in High Schools with a biased concentration on the schools, which perform dismally, as well as in colleges and career configuration. In this line, there have been a number and pieces of legislations proposed or enacted by the national congress driven from research findings and recommendations on the best practices that would adequately inform federal policy (Cross, 2004). For instance, funds have been injected under the federal stimulus program, which has gone f urther in shedding light on the opportunities available to push and create education awareness campaigns for improvement. Further, there have been state-led movements charged with the mandate to evaluate and craft common standardized approaches to greatly way change the American Education (Sunderman, 2010). Such legislations include the reauthorized Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). This act was proposed with the view to critically assess the high school crisis so that systems and structures are out in place to enable students graduating from high schools to be adequately ready to take on careers in colleges. In this case, the federal policy is seen to play an important role to ensure that in â€Å"reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in away that the policies would be congruent with the changes and common standards initiative† to take the leading role and facilitation of partnership with other players in the education sector (Sunderman, 2010) . The federal role and the Aid Evolution For a long time, about a century, the federal government has been playing a significant role in the enhancement of education in America. It has been the fulcrum about national needs and interests as far as education is concerned. This has been seen in a number of roles over the years in line with democracy and promotion of an educated America. One has been to significantly do away with poverty, promote equity in education access and to respond to the needs of the vulnerable groups in society. The second role has been promotion of security and enhancement of economic stability across the whole country to ensure it economically competes with other countries (Cross, 2004). One of the predominant areas where the federal role has been witnessed has been in its push for aid in education. Today’s advocacy for elementary and secondary education can be traced back to the year 1938 when a report of the advisory committee on education instigated by the then president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, laid significant facts bare. On the whole, the report indicated that there were serious disparities among the American states and went further to lay recommendations that the states that were lagging behind should be assisted to promote equity (Sunderman, 2010).

Provide adequate background to the Retail Supervisor job at Warwick Essay

Provide adequate background to the Retail Supervisor job at Warwick Castle - Essay Example rmance standards to be achieved, Working conditions and possible hazards, Number of employees performing the job and to whom they report to, the machines and equipment used on the job. As far as the job description contains sufficient information it should not give too much detailed information of how the work is going to be performed so that it can remain useful when that type of job acquires minor changes. This includes the job title, the department, the reporting relationship, a job number or code. A good tittle should closely approximate the nature of the work content and will distinguish that job from others. The job analysis date is placed on the job description to help in identifying job changes that would make the description obsolete. It is recommended that to place an expiry date on the document because this practice ensures periodic review of job content and minimizes the number of obsolete job description. This part helps to locate the job in the organization by indicating the job immediately below or above it in the job hierarchy. It also gives an idea of the vertical relationships of work flows and procedures. Person specification is a written record of the requirements sought in an individual worker for a given job. It refers to a summary of the personal characteristics required for a job. It is a statement of the minimum acceptable human qualities necessary for the proper performance of a job. Items included in the job specification are factors that can be shown to be job related such as educational requirements, experience, personality traits and physical abilities. It is important as it keeps interviewers attention on list of necessary qualification and assists to determine whether candidates are essential qualified. The description below entails a person specification for a retail supervisor job at Warwick Castle. The supervisor should also be a true role model, able to coach his team effectively to achieve success-this should be done by

Truman and the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Truman and the Cold War - Essay Example This was after Cuba was established to be a communist country after Fidel Castro overthrew Batista. The raising of the Berlin Wall was taken symbolically to mean that there was a division between the West and the East. The Brandenburg Gate was closed, thus; division between the city of Berlin East and West (Harper, 2011). The differences in the systems that existed in both regimes worked to fuel the agenda brought on by the regimes. Communists were made to appear scarier than they actually were and unlike Americans and the American way. Fear was the basis for propaganda in the Cold War as it became clear that the American and Soviet governments did not want to help their people realize the differences that existed between their two systems. The struggle for citizen’s hearts and minds to take sides through fear was being used by both sides, the USSR and the USA. The administration in place, the Truman Administration, did not think that the Americans had the energy to sustain the Soviet expansion after being in the biggest war in history. To convince the public of the eminent threat posed by the USSR, Truman used propaganda to fuel his support for the war at hand (Harper,

Psychodynamic approach Essay Example for Free

Psychodynamic approach Essay P1 – Explain the principle psychological perspectives. M1 – Assess different psychological approaches to study. Sigmund Freud developed an approach which was the first psychological approach that elucidated behaviour. Freud discovered the psychoanalysis, which is a technique for curing mental illness and also a theory which explains human behaviour. Psychoanalysis is recognised as the talking cure. Normally, Freud would inspire his patients to talk freely (on his famous couch) concerning their symptoms and to explain precisely what was on their mind. He also states ‘The iceberg which has 3 levels known as the conscious mind, preconscious and unconscious mind. Freud compared himself to an archaeologist digging away layers of the human mind, and found three discrete parts of the mind. He was the earliest philosophers to get public awareness the concept that we are not conscious of all our features all the time. He proposed that what we are conscious of is represented on our conscious mind but that most of our memories, feelings and mind he named as ‘unconscious’. We don’t have access to the contents of our unconscious, but they occasionally ‘leak out’ in dreams and slips of the tongue. Freud’s first elucidated behaviour by his iceberg analogy. He suggested that the conscious mind was like the tip of an iceberg –merely a small part being accessible to consciousness. Part of the unconscious that we can easily access he named it the preconscious. This can be used in health and social care as health carers can identify what is happening in the client’s conscious mind and identify any faults there might be such as depression and schizophrenia and possibly phobias. Sigmund Freud proposed that we have inborn drives that stimulates our conducts in the form of the mind. These are known as the ego, superego and the id. The id occurs at birth and is the base of our unconscious inclination. It works on the gratification concept to get instant pleasure, so it prevents pain and therefore it is very egocentric. The id is the origin of a supernatural known as Libido. The superego  develops throughout the age of five years and entails principles and values. It is the child’s ego and moral sense which constructs the paragon of what the child wishes to be. Our ego is developed throughout our childhood and it enables the child to learn that getting instant gratification is not always feasible and that a lot of the time pain cannot be prevented The ego operates on the actuality principle because it decides what actions are most convenient and what to avoid from the id. It also tries to balance the requirements of the id and superego with the actualit y of life so we can do what normal individuals do by using the defence mechanisms. Depending on Sigmund our defence mechanisms are used in order to manage unconscious dispute amongst ego, superego and id. These disputes might be unconscious or conscious and the defence mechanisms work in an unconscious manner to wards of any disagreeable feelings and make things better for the person. There are four key defence systems that are used by the ego. An example is displacement. Displacement is when people’s emotional state towards the actual goal cannot be expressed and where accepting faults cause concern and worry that causes moods to be interchanged on to other objects. For instance an individual blaming their parents for their performance as of them not raising them properly instead of blaming their self. Denial is another ego defence mechanism that is where someone cannot accept a specific truth. Individuals might object to believe occurrence or acknowledge emotions as of worry and concern, thus specific awareness is not dealt with. For instance, someone who is unwell might reject to believe this. Repression†¯is another well-known defence mechanism. Repression acts to keep information out of†¯conscious†¯recognition. Though, these memories dont just vanish; they endure to impact our behaviour. For example, a person who has repressed memories of abuse suffered as a child might later have troubles making relationships. The final ego defence mechanism is regression. This is where people act out behaviours from the†¯stage of psychosexual development†¯in which they are fixated. For instance, someone fixated at an earlier developmental stage may cry or sulk as of hearing dissatisfying news upon. Behaviours related to regression can differ significantly depending  upon which stage the individual is fixated at. Someone fixated at the†¯oral stage†¯may start eating or smoking immoderately or may become verbally violent. A fixation at the†¯anal stage†¯might result in immoderate tidiness or messiness. Sigmund also developed the psychosexual stages of development. He supposed that character is chiefly started throughout the age of five years because early experiences play a great role in the development of character and endure to impact behaviour in the future. He believed that our character develop in stages in which pleasure-seeking drives of the id commence to focus on erogenous places. The driving power behind our performance was elucidated by psychosexual energy known as the libido. Through completing the stages successfully the person can develop a good character. Though, if the stages are not completed appropriately and specific matters at the stage are not sorted out. Then, it results in fixation. Fixation is where there is a continuous focus on an earlier psychosexual stage as of unsorted dispute. The person will continue to be stuck at this stage if the dispute is not resolved. There are five stages to the psychosexual that Freud suggested. The first stage is the oral stage, at this stage the child is 0-1 years of age and the chief source of libido is the mouth. Here the child will relish consuming food along with placing objects into their mouth. The essential impact at this stage is the mother because the child will link the mother and food with love. If they are neglected from food or are fed involuntarily then it may well cause matters in the future. If a child is weaning from liquid to solid foods they need to learn to be patient for food to be cooked instead of having food instantly. The second stage is the anal stage. At this stage the child is one to three years of age and the child will feel a sense of pleasure in the anus. The child will feel gratification from expelling or holding in excrement. The essential effect at this stage is being taught on how to use the toilet. The child will learn when and where they are intended to release excrement which will prevent fixation. Added to that, the child  would be capable to sway their parents by their bowel movements, because their parent’s devotion and approbation depends on whether or not they release excrement when they ask to be able to go to the toilet. Though, being too stern on the child being permitted to toilet training could possibly lead to fixation, also because the child might develop to become anal impetuous. The third stage is the phallic stage where the child is three to five years of age. The key source of libido here is the child’s penis or vagina and pleasure is obtained from masturbation. At this stage the child will encounter Electra complex and associate with their mother if they are female, whereas if the child is a male they will encounter Oedipus complex where he will associate with his father. Through being affected by this information positively, the superego is developed and they include the morals of the self-same sex parent along with association of gender and sex duties. If they do not associate with the self-same sex parent then they will become fixated at this level and this could possibly lead to homosexuality. The fourth stage is the latency period. At this period the child is six years of age. The latent period is a time of investigation in which the sexual drive is still present, but it is directed into other areas like intellectual pursuits and social interactions. They have reached puberty and the key source of gratification is playing with peers of both sexes. During this stage the child is active with playing with their peers that not much befalls in terms of sexuality. If fixation befalls here the child will not feel content with members of the incompatible sex because they grow up and will find it to build heterosexual relationships. This stage is essential in the development of social and communication skills and self-confidence. The final stage is the genital stage which arises from puberty and the key source of libido/gratification here is having sexual intercourse with others. At this stage the persons interests and feelings towards others benefit will develop and they try to create a balance among their discrete lifestyles. If fixation has arose throughout any other stage, it will become  obvious at this psychosexual stage. Though, a different concept was suggested by Erik Erikson which approved with Freud’s theory to a degree. This was Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development. He thought like Freud that everyone grows in stages, however these stages endure during our life and rather than having a greater focus on the lust for indulgence we must deem our need to be tolerated also. Erikson suggested eight psychosocial stages of development. Stage one is where the child is aged from zero to one years of age and the focal point is how the infant is raised. If they are raised in the right way, then they will form trust, but if the infant isn’t raised in the right way, then the infant will begin to not trust parents/guardians and their surroundings. Stage two is where the child is aged from one to three years of age and the focal point is being permitted to freedom. If this is done appropriately the child will develop some sort of autonomy. If they are continuously criticised the child will interrogate their own aptitude. Stage three is where the child is three to six years of age and begin to interact with the everyone. If the child is persuaded to endeavour different things and develop different skills and qualities, it will enable them to develop capabilities and self-assurance. However, if the child is continuously criticised and made culpable, then it will cause low confidence. Stage four is where the child is six to twelve years of age and focuses on the knowledge of how things operate. If the child begins to accomplish practical jobs they will form some kind of hard work however, if they are being pressured on specific tasks that they cannot accomplish will cause subservient and make them feel incapable. Stage five is where the person is twelve to eighteen years of age and the main focus at this stage is developing some sort of individuality by experimentation. Through being permitted to do the experiment, the child could then possibly develop a secure identity. However, not experimenting means they do not create a secure identity and causes misperception and negative identity. Stage six is where the person is aged eighteen to forty years of age and will focus on discovering new relationships to lead to long term commitments with each other. By creating these secure and committed relationships the sense of safety and be associated to devotion leads to a sense of love. Though,  through ignoring closeness and having phobia of commitment can cause the person to isolate them-selves and this little amount of love and could cause depression. Stage seven is where the person is aged forty to sixty five and the main focus is creating a career and having a family. Through having a career and giving back to society by parenting children and participating in community services, the person receives a sense of love and care. However, not getting participating with society could possibly cause a feeling of wasting life and being unfruitful. Stage eight is the final stage and here the person is over the age f sixty five. The person’s focal point at this stage is working less actively and intensely and think about their accomplishments during the course of their life. Through, performing this successfully, the person develops the merit of understanding that enables them to look back on their life with a feeling of accomplishment. This way the person is then able to can accept passing deprived of being afraid. Though, if the person has feelings of culpability about their life or has an insufficient achievement which will cause feelings of lead to feelings of desolation and frequently depression and as a result phobia of death. A benefit of the psychodynamic approach is that it is developed in stages. These stages make it easier to examine and give back up due to the fact that the stages are simple and easy to follow and acknowledge, therefore, making it easier to gather support for. On top of this, the stages developed by Erikson have more logic than Freud’s psychosexual stages because they make sense and are easy to acknowledge. This means that it can be easily implemented in health and social care practises. For instance in the counselling and treatment centre the health and social care workers are then able to use their insight of the eight stages of Erikson’s concept to detect why the person is feeling dejected has insufficient autonomy and tried to give most appropriate remedy. Though, some issues can be discovered with the psychodynamic approach. A problem is that the approach doesn’t use scientific methodology which means that it is based on opinions. This makes it hard to depend on the results because they are not a dependable source. This insufficient facts means the  approach is can be proven false. On top of this, a lot of the backing research originates from case studies. Though, these enable us to get in detailed information about one person. They might not be the most convenient when it comes to application to other people because the results can’t be generalised to the overall populace. A well-known case study that has been implement by Freud was the case of Little Hans, which was used as assistance for his psychodynamic approach. Little Hans had a fear of horses because he thought that they would hurt him or cause chaos. Little Han’s dad after being consulted by Freud, interpreted his fear through saying that the horses looked like his dad and that the phobia of being bitten signifies the fact that Little Hans was encountering the Oedipus complex and had a phobia of being castrated by his dad as of his feelings about his mum Little Han’s father and played a role his analyst and interpreted his sexual desires and associated these back to the Oedipus complex. Though, there are numerous factors to the Little Han’s case study that have been neglected. For instance, Little Han’s was more petrified of his mum because she threatened to cut off his penis because he was persistently fiddling with it. Also, after Freud spent some time with Little Han’s his parents split up. This means that Little Han’s phobia might be as of the reason that his parents ended their marriage and not be as of Oedipus complex. On top of this, his mum was also spiteful to her baby daughter, therefore it can possibly be that the ‘row’ he was scared of was the crying of his baby sister. Additionally, Freud analyse Little Han’s fear him-self. It was his dad who used Freud’s instructions in order to cure Little Han’s phobia. This means that, as his dad is not an expert analyst, he didn’t get the ideal remedy and the interpretations made might have possible been wrong, and so leading to inadequate remedies . This case study indicates that there are numerous different factors that Freud didn’t deem which could have been the motive of Little Han’s’ phobia. His phobia might have been better elucidated through operant conditioning. Little Han’s had witnessed a falling horse before, therefore, it might be that he related his fear at that instant with the falling horse and therefore develop the phobia.   However, Freud was capable to gather an adequate amount of data about Little Han’s which helped him in the explanation of his fear. However, his case studies are subject to partiality as most of his case studies focused on middle-class Victorian female, however some of his cases focused on males. This indicates that his results are sex bias and might not be relevant to the opposite sex. Also, his explanation are opinion based which means that they might vary to another psychoanalyst’s explanation. This could possible lead to issues to the welfare of the person who will not get remedies as of dissimilar information they are getting. Another problem with the psychodynamic approach is that the therapies people get entails time and dedication. This means that the client needs to be dedicated in the remedy in order for them to recover. Another therapy like medicine might possibly be quicker, however psychoanalysis has a more long term effect on the person. Where remedies can lead to deterioration, psychoanalysis will alter the client’s perception and lead to long term modifications. This is beneficial for the patient because at the therapy and counselling centre, they will be aware that the dedication and time will be useful, also will identify long term modification after some time.

Practical to Become Aware of Values

Practical to Become Aware of Values

Comparing Henry David Thoreau And Herman Melvilles Writings :: essays research papers

Comparing Henry David Thoreau and Herman Melville's Writings Henry David Thoreau and Herman Melville focused their writings on how man was affected by nature. They translated their philosophies though both the portrayal of their protagonist and their own self exploration. In Moby Dick, Melville writes about Ahab's physical and metaphysical struggle over the great white whale, Moby Dick, symbolic of man's struggle against the overwhelming forces of nature. Ahab's quest is reported and experienced through the eyes of Ishmael. Melville's use of the third person's biographical standpoint exposes conflicting viewpoints that were both in agreement and disagreement with Ahab's quest, creatively allowing Melville to transcend the story line and expostulate his own philosophies. In contrast, Thoreau, wrote from an autobiographical standpoint revealing his own internal conflicts with mans struggle against nature. In, Walden - A life in the Woods, Thoreau reveals his mental and spiritual beliefs through a personal journey in which he strives to become in tune with n ature, working not to be victorious over these universal forces, but rather to participate in harmony with nature, in tern exposing love and truth. Both authors attempt to analyze all aspects of nature and its relevance to human life. They explore the powers and influences of nature over mankind. However, Melville centers his point of view upon mankind in conflict with nature's forces, while Thoreau believes that if mankind experiences nature, we will envelope ideas which will teach mankind to live harmoniously in our natural environment; in turn, allowing individuals to reach the highest levels of achievement synergistically with nature. In Moby Dick, Herman Melville illustrates man's quest to attain the supreme power of God through the monomaniacal Captain Ahab. Captain Ahab is obsessed with the desire to destroy Moby Dick, his nemesis, which is truly symbolic of man's overwhelming quest to control and conquer nature. Melville depicts Ahab as an evil, egotistical human whose willingness to combat the forces of nature represents man's failure to understand his place in the universe. Melville uses Ishmael to voice his philosophies which portray Ahab as a crazy captain who fails to realize that he's up an unconquerable force. Melville utilizes Ishmael further voice his life philosophies through grossly symbolic statements like, "No, when I go to sea, I go as a simple sailor†¦ I have the satisfaction that all is right; that everybody else is one way or other served in much the same way - either in a physical or metaphysical point of view." (pg. 14 - 15). Through, Ishmael, Melville expresses his longing, for beauty and nature, and a t the same time he contrasts his desires against

Bosnia and Serbia :: history

Bosnia and Serbia Historically and politically, the Bosnians and the Russians are a perfect match.This history started in the middle of the first thousand years A.D. when the tribes called the Southern Slavs migrated into the southeast area of Europe known as the Balkans. The Slav people as they are known, were separated from the Northern Slavs, that is, related Slavs in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Russia, by the non-slavic tribes that settled the lands of Austria and Hungary. The Bosnians original ancestors were the Southern Slavs. They raided areas throught the Balkans including what is now modern day Serbia.This tribe eventually split up, mostly for religious and political reasons but also because the geography of the region is such that large groups of Slavs became separated and isolated from one another because of the difficult terrain. When religion came to the Balkans, where you were physically had as much to do with what religion you grew up with as other reasons. The Serbs who were closest to the Byzantine Empire geographically, took up the Eastern Orthodox Religion. The peoples in what is now Croatia, Slovinia and Bosina were infuenced by Rome and took up Roman Catholicisim. However, the Bosnians, who were alwasys being threathned politically by the Orthodox Christian Serbs as well as their Roman Catholic neighbors, by the fifteenth century had made apolitical decision to align themselves with the rising power of the Ottoman Empire, and converted to Islam. Russia, the country where most of the Southern Slavs came from had accepted the Eastern Orthodox religion at around the time the Serbs did. This religious bond between Russians and Serbs was very strong and the two groups supported one another for virtually their entire history up to and including modern times. The Serbs supported the Russians in almost all their wars and helped the Russians gain control of part of the Eastern Mediterraen from the Turks. This is why the Russians are deeply interested in this area and feel they have a special role to play in the current conflict. The Balkans are the reason that World War I had started. The Serbs of 1914 was as determined then, as they were for centuries, of preserving their independence in the Balkans. A wider war in the Balkans could risk the security of Europe, and possibly draw Moslen nations into the war. On a more imeadiate level, the reason for peace in

Personal Communication Ethic :: Ethics Communication Skills Speech Essays

Personal Communication Ethic I feel that that the best way to persuade people is with your ears — by listening to them. Feeling this way, I based my personal communication ethic on listening. If all you do is talk, then you probably don't have too many friends. I know that when I am interrupted in mid-sentence I feel like punching the other person. I feel as if the other person doesn't give a care in the world about what I think, and not only does that take away any respect I had for that person, but it hurts my feelings. Here, I have the TOP TEN WORST EXCUSES NOT TO LISTEN 10. It would blow my chances for America's Funniest Home Videos 9. I enjoy fighting over misunderstandings 8. My spouse will expect me to do it all the time 7. I like the challenge of doing a project for the boss when I don't have a clue what's wanted 6. Ignorance is bliss 5. Two words: Political speeches (I'm sorry, that's a good excuse) 4. It gives me a chance to use my creativity to fill in the blanks 3. I forget what I'm going to say if I listen 2. Congress doesn't why should I? 1. People might think I care â€Å"Listening to obtain sensory stimulation or enjoyment through the works or experiences of others,† can promote effective listening skills within the family unit. In this connection, through the use of storytelling, families can ultimately develop and refine listening skills and promote a rich sojourn of the past. This is one way you can practice listening is at home. I hope you have learned something through this speech and I hope you can use this ethic in your life. Thank you Part II #2 Your emotional and physiological state will influence the meaning you give to your perceptions. The sight of raw clams may be physically upsetting when you have a stomachache, but mouth watering when you're hungry. Also, perceiving only the positive in people that you like and only the negative in the people that you do not like is called bias. Be aware of perceptual evaluations influenced by your own biases. #3 Self-concept differs in different situations and at different times through many different ways. One way would be through others images of you.

Existentialism vs. Phenomenology Essay

Existentialism vs. Phenomenology and the response to Hegelian Idealism Absolute idealism was a huge part of Western culture but through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the greatest political movement took place. Marxism was this great political movement. The movement had an affect on theology and art. Jean-Paul Sartre, a continental philosopher who lived in the nineteenth century was an existentialist. Some of the main themes of extentialism are: †¢ Traditional and academic philosophy is sterile and remote from the concerns of real life. †¢ Philosophy must focus on the individual in her or his confrontation with the world. †¢ The world is irrational (or, in any event, beyond total comprehending or accurate conceptualizing through philosophy). †¢ The world is absurd, in the sense that no ultimate explanation can be given for why it is the way it is. †¢ Senselessness, emptiness, triviality, separation, and inability to communicate pervade human existence, giving birth to anxiety, dread, self-doubt, and despair. †¢ The individual confronts, as the most important fact of human existence, the necessity to choose how he or she is to live within this absurd and irrational world. (Moore-Bruder, 2005) The extentialist believed that there was no answer to the existential predicament. They say life can only deteriorate and without struggling through life a person can find no meaning or value to the life they lead. Some of these themes had already been introduce before Jean-Paul Sartre came up the additions. The philosophers, Arthur Schopenhauer, Soren Kierkegaard, and Friedrich Nietzsche were the contributors to these themes. All three had a strong distaste for the optimistic idealism of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and for metaphysical systems in general. Such philosophy, they thought, ignored the human predicament. For all three the universe, including its human inhabitants, is seldom rational, and philosophical systems that seek to make everything seem rational are just futile attempts to overcome pessimism and despair. Soren Keirkegaard’s fundamental question in life was is there anything in this world or outside it to which the individual can cling to keep from being swept away by the dark tides of despair? He was as almost entirely concerned with how and what the individual actually chooses in the face of doubt and uncertainty. He thought the only way to be grated relief from despair was to have a total commitment to God. Friedrich Nietzsche was convinced that the world was run by a cosmic force and that it is driven by will to power or will power. This way of thinking was quite different from Keirkegarrd. Nietsche believed you had to control your own destiny and seize what was yours. He led a more exciting life, a more passionate one. Keirkegaard was very depressed and spent most of his life battling despair but found comfort in God. Nietzsche used to say â€Å"Which is it, is man one of God’s blunders or is God one of man’s? † While both of these men had different views from each other they agreed to disagree with extentialism. Existentialism as a philosophical movement was something of a direct reaction to perceived social ills and was embraced by artists and writers as much as by philosophers So it is not surprising that two of the greatest existentialist philosophers, Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre, wrote drama, novels, and political tracts as well as philosophical works. Phenomenology interests itself in the essential structures found within the stream of conscious experience—the stream of phenomena—as these structures manifest themselves independently of the assumptions and presuppositions of science. (Moore-Bruder, 2005) Phenomenology, much more than existentialism, has been a product of philosophers rather than of artists and writers. But like existentialism, phenomenology has had enormous impact outside philosophical circles. It has been especially influential in theology, the social and political sciences, and psychology and psychoanalysis. Phenomena is the distinction between the way something is immediately experienced and the way it â€Å"is. † Both Hegel and Kant were philosophers of Phenomenology. Also, Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger were phenomenologists. Husserl introduced transcendental phenomenology, whose purpose it was to investigate phenomena To investigate phenomena in this way is to â€Å"bracket† or â€Å"exclude† one’s presupposition about the existence or nature of an â€Å"external† or â€Å"physical† or â€Å"objective† world. Husserl called this process phenomenological reduction without making any assumptions about the world. Heidegger, too, was convinced that it was necessary to look at things with fresh eyes, unshrouded by the presuppositions of the present and past. According to Heidegger, we are basically ignorant about the thing that matters most: the true nature of Being. It is usually with reference to his earlier work that Heidegger is sometimes called an existentialist. Heidegger himself resisted this appellation. Yet he was very much influenced by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, and the concern expressed in his early works with such existentialist themes as fear, dread, meaninglessness, and death is quite evident. Sartre studied in Germany for a brief time in the 1930s and was influenced by Heidegger. Sartre attributed the concept of abandonment to Heidegger, and Sartre and Heidegger both were concerned with the concepts of bad faith, authenticity, a life’s project, and others. In philosophy it is true that each view even if they are opposing influence one another. In the last third of the twentieth century, diverse Continental voices were raised against what they saw as suspicious assumptions about the meaning of right and wrong, the nature of language, and the very possibility of human self-understanding. Some Continental philosophers have been suspicious about Western metaphysical systems that they claim lead to the manipulation of nature or that set up a certain ethnic or cultural perspective as absolute truth. As the years go by new philosophers try to prove the others wrong and so is the development of philosophy always on going. Reference Moore-Bruder. 2005. Metaphysics and Epistemology: Existence and Knowledge: The Continental Tradition. The Power of Ideas, Sixth Edition. Mc-Graw Hill.

Home (Business Overview)

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Businesses that are able to offer this service attract more customers because of their ability to provide a flexible and convenient dimension of payment. Like internet financial transactions, mWallet eliminates the hassle of waiting in lines or in long phone queues in order to make purchases. Yet, mWallet also adds an extra dimension of convenience, in that is allows customers to make these transactions without access to a computer or to the internet.Name of Company offers the following services:mWallet  Equip your business with the versatility of accepting credit card and other payments via mobile phone  Online Transactions  mWallet still gives your business the ability to participate in a number of online E-Commerce Transactions.  In-Person Transactions, or online  The safe, fast and reliable method of in-person money transfer is still available with mWallet.Fraud ProtectionWe guarantee the safety of all the transactions made through our system. 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Offer your clients the ability to direct such transfers straight to your account or simply to facilitate the making and pick-up of payments more convenient to do in person.Fraud ProtectionWe also give y ou fraud protection, as our Watchdogs are consistently on the job to ensure the security of all transactions made through our interfaces, so you may offer your clients 100% guaranteed information safety. Plus, the inherent security of GSM networks as well as the built-in user authentication capability of mobile phones makes mWallet the secure option for monetary transactionsContact UsWe exceed the industry standard with our highly acclaimed customer service, which pinpoints the precise requirement of every potential client and tailors solutions specifically to fit their business. Our representatives are eager to place you on a path that dramatically increases the availability of your services to a wider range of clients. Our customer service is client-specific, based on intimate knowledge of the financial and commercial industry and the intelligent methods of integrating technology to simplify all its processes. You can always reach us immediately by phone and you will always receiv e consultation in a pleasant and information-rich atmosphere.Call our 24-hour customer service lines at ####The benefits we offer are immediately recognizable in the ease with which your business will be able to attract clients and make the appropriate financial transactions that will simplify the process for both parties. As with everything, we provide a wide variety of contact solutions to make it easy for your business to branch out on the mWallet path. If simplicity, speed, reliability, and security are high on your list of preferences for global transaction management, then be sure to contact us via the methods below. 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This new financial phenomenon is a method that allows the consumer to link a mobile phone account to his/her bank account or credit card and perform financial transactions, such as making payments, transferring money, and receiving payments via their mobile phone2. What are the benefits of mWallet?mWallet allows the consumer to make payments directly from their bank accounts or credit cards without having to get in touch directly with a human vendor. Like internet financial transaction s, it eliminates the need to wait in lines or in long phone queues in order to make purchases. It also adds an extra dimension of convenience, in that is allows these transactions to be made without access to a computer or the internet.3. How can mWallet benefit my business?mWallet attracts clients as it offers a flexible and convenient dimension of payment. It removes many of the burdens connected with performing transactions, such as long waits in queues, and makes the products consumers want to buy much easier to obtain. mWallet also grants the ability to do money transfers internationally. Therefore, given the option, many consumers would choose to do business with a vendor that offers mWallet as an alternative payment/transaction method.4. How popular is the Mobile Money Transfer Service?According to the World Bank, the market for global remittances is a multi-billion dollar industry, and this excludes the informal methods people use to make transactions because of the lack of convenience of other methods. mWallet taps into an already booming industry, but one which demonstrates capacity for growth in the area of mobile phone technology.5. How will mWallet improve the transfer experience for businesses?mWallet is much cheaper for business to offer as a service. 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Death of a Naturalist Essay

The title, Death of a Naturalist’ explains another part of the poem because it is literally about the little boy loving the warm thick slobber of frogspawn’. Then he grows older and loses some of the innocence that was present in the first stanzas. He is sickened by the gross bellied frogs’ and the naturalist in him is dead. The theme of Death of a Naturalist is also the power of nature. This is illustrated by the frogs having power over the author as a child. This powerful theme is conveyed in the second stanza, with phrases like angry’, threats’ and vengeance’. The frogs are described as being poised like mud grenades’ which brings out images of guns and strength. The writer uses emotional images, because it is the poet’s memory and he is reminiscing. Heaney uses a number of poetic devices to create images. Firstly, he uses the metaphor in the heart of the town land’ to add interest to the poem. He uses language such as sweltered’ and punishing sun’ to create an image of the hot summer that he remembered. The poet brings nature into the poem with the metaphor bluebottles wove a strong gauze of sound’. This creates a visual image of the day he went to collect frogspawn in the reader’s mind and engages their interest. He uses alliteration in the line on shelves at school, and wait and watch’, to make the tone calm and happy with soft sounds. There is childish language like ‘mammy’ used to convey an image of innocence in the first stanza. In the second stanza, the mood changes dramatically from one of nostalgia and innocence to vulgarity and almost horror, although there are hints to this tone in the preceding stanza. The poet uses words like ‘rotted’, ‘slobber’, and ‘festered’ as a hint that all is not well. In this stanza, the mood is dark, and vile, conveyed by language like ‘rank’, ‘gross’ and ‘vengeance’. Heaney creates a tense image with the bass chorus of the frogs. He describes the frogs’ necks as ‘pulsing like sails’ and their blunt heads ‘farting’ to convey his terror that his once loved frogs would wreak ‘vengeance’ on him. The frogs are described as ‘slime kings’, once again bringing out the dominance of nature. Heaney uses onomatopoeia in the words ‘slap’ and ‘pop’ to create an image in the reader’s mind. The poem concludes with the poet saying that ‘the spawn would clutch’ his hand. This communicates his terror and reflects the poem’s central theme of the power of nature.

Ms Syllabus

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Work-Integrated Learning Programmes M. S. Microelectronics at BITS Pilani Professional Development Centre, Bangalore Type of Input | Sponsored employees (with adequate work experience in Microelectronics area) with a First Degree of BITS or its equivalent | Duration| Normally Four Semesters| Special Feature | This is a specially designed programme to meet the Human Resource Development requirements of various collaborating organizations at Bangalore.Structured classes would be held in Bangalore regularly. | Semesterwise Pattern Course No. | Course Title| Units| First Year First Semester| MELTI ZG573MELTI ZG512MELTI ZG511MELTI ZG631| Digital Signal ProcessingEmbedded System DesignDesign & Analysis of AlgorithmsPhysics & Modelling of Microelectronics Devices| 3455| First Year Second Semester| MELTI ZG621MELTI ZG632MELTI ZG641MELTI ZG611| VLSI DesignAnalog IC Design CAD for IC DesignIC Fabrication Technology| 5555| Second Year First Semest er|MELTI ZG642MELTI ZG531MELTI ZG625MELTI ZG651| VLSI ArchitectureTestability for VLSI Advanced Analog and Mixed Signal Design Hardware Software Co-Design| 4554| Second Year Second Semester| MELTI ZG629T| Dissertation| 20| Note: This is the currently operative pattern as approved by the Senate-appointed committee, subject to change if the situation warrants. Fee Schedule Application Processing Fees Rs. 800/-, Admission Fees Rs. 10000/-, Each Semester Fees Rs. 17500/-, Each Semester BITS Professional Development Centre Membership Fees Rs. 2500/-. Course Descriptions MELTI ZG511 Design & Analysis of Algorithms 5 Design techniques such as divide-and-conquer, recursion, backtracking, branch-and-bound, simulation; Analysis in terms of average level and worst level efficiency; Relationship to appropriate data structures; Illustrations dealing with problems in computer science, graph theory and mathematics; Computational complexity and bounds; NP-hard and NP-complete problems. MELTI ZG512 Embedded Systems Design 4Introduction to embedded systems; embedded architectures: Architectures and programming of microcontrollers and DSPs. Embedded applications and technologies; power issues in system design; introduction to software and hardware co-design. MELTI ZG531 Testability for VLSI 5 BIST, boundary sean, stuck-at faults, test generation algorithms for combinatorial logic circuits and sequential circuits, logic simulation and fault simulation, synthesis for test, built in self test, pseudo-random test techniques, other test methods – IDDQ testing, boundary scan etc.MELTI ZG573 Digital Signal Processing 3 Introduction; design of analog filters; design of digital filters: (IIR and FIR); structures for the realization of digital filters; random signals and random processes; linear estimation and prediction; Wiener filters; DSP processor architecture; DSP algorithms for different applications. MELTI ZG611 IC Fabrication Technology 5 Material properties; Crystal growth and doping; diffusion; oxidation; epitaxy; Ion implantation; Deposition of films using CVD, LPCVD and puttering techniques; Wet and dry etching and cleaning; Lithographic process; Device and circuit fabrication; Process modeling and simulation. MELTI ZG621 VLSI Design 5 Introduction to NMOS and CMOS circuits; NMOS and CMOS processing technology; CMOS circuits and logic design; circuit characterization and performance estimation; Structured design and testing; Symbolic layout systems; CMOS subsystem design; System case studies.MELTI ZG625 Advanced Analog and Mixed Signal Design 5 Design of high speed comparators and Op-amps; analog buffers; different architectures of A/D and D/A converters; analog multipliers and dividers; design of PLLS; design methods for switched capacitor filters sample and hold circuits; mixed signal design issues; noise coupling from substrate and its reduction; cross talk and shielding; analog layout techniques for mixed signal designs. MELTI ZG629T Dissertat ion 20A student registered in this course must take a topic in an area of professional interest drawn from the on the job work requirement which is simultaneously of direct relevance to the degree pursued by the student as well as to the employing / collaborating organization of the student and submit a comprehensive report at the end of the semester working under the overall supervision and guidance of a professional expert who will be deemed as the supervisor for evaluation of all components of the dissertation.Normally the Mentor of the student would be the Dissertation supervisor and in case Mentor is not approved as the supervisor, Mentor may play the role of additional supervisor. The final grades for dissertation are Non-letter grades namely Excellent, Good, Fair and Poor, which do not go into CGPA computation. MELTI ZG631 Physics & Modeling of Microelectronics Devices5 Physics and Properties of semiconductor – a review; PN junction diode; bipolar transistor; Metal-sem iconductor contacts; JFET and MESFET; MOSFET and scaling; CCD and photonic devices.MELTI ZG632 Analog IC Design 5 Basic concepts; BICMOS process and technology; current and voltage sources; Differential and Operational Amplifiers; Multipliers and modulators; phase-lock techniques; D-to-A and A- to-D converters; Micropower circuits; High voltage circuits; Radiation Resistant Circuits; Filter design considerations. MELTI ZG641 CAD for IC Design 5Introduction to VLSI design methodologies and supporting CAD tool environment; Overview of `C', Data structure, Graphics and CIF; Concepts, structures and algorithms of some of the following CAD tools; Schematic editors; Layout editors; Module generators; Silicon compilers; Placement and routing tools; Behavioral, functional, logic and circuit simulators; Aids for test generation and testing. MELTI ZG642 VLSI Architecture 4Overview of CISC processor architectures; Instruction set architecture of CISC processor; hardware flow-charting methods; implementing microprocessor logic from hardware flowcharts; RISC instruction set architecture; pipelined execution of RISC instructions; pipeline execution unit design; control hazards; design of memory hierarchy. MELTI ZG651 Hardware Software Co-Design 4 FPGA and ASIC based design, Low-Power Techniques in RT Embedded Systems On-chip networking. Hardware Software partitioning and scheduling, Co-simulation, synthesis and verifications, Architecture mapping, HW-SW Interfaces and Re-configurable computing.

What educational position needs to be made for boys with autism in Literature review

What educational position needs to be made for boys with autism in Saudi Arabia - Literature review Example This paper gives an insight into the present educational support available for the autistic children, with a special focus on the special education programs for such students in Saudi Arabia. This paper also makes a review of the studies that explored the teachers' perspectives regarding the integrative model for students with autism. To achieve better results from the various special education programs and therapies, the general and special educators, the parents of children with autism, the policymakers, and other associated professionals should bear in mind the various critical peripherals of an effective educational program for the autistic children, within the present educational system of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Autism a form of developmental disorder that makes an appearance in an individual during the first 3 years of his life, and â€Å"affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills† (PubMedHealth, Autism, 2010). This disorder, which is associated with impairment in the neural development, is characterized by faulty social and communicating skills, and in the perceived stereotyped and restricted behaviours of a child. Autism influences the information processing within the human brain that occurs due to the changes in the structure, organisation, and connection, of the nerve cells and the synapses (Levy, Mandell, and Schultz, 2009, par. Neurobiology). ... This  disorder, which is associated with impairment in the neural development,  is characterized by faulty social and  communicating skills, and in the perceived stereotyped and restricted behaviours of a child. Autism influences the information processing within the  human brain that occurs due to the changes in the structure, organisation, and connection, of the nerve cells and the  synapses (Levy, Mandell, and Schultz,  2009, par. Neurobiology). Autism is a part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASDs) that includes three clinically recognised disorders. These are: Autism; Asperger syndrome that shows the same characteristics as Autism, but is less severe in the sense that the child shows no impairment in cognitive and language development; and  Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified  (or PDD-NOS). The PDD-NOS is diagnosed, after all the standard diagnoses tests for Autism and Asperger Syndrome have failed to meet the required criteria (Johnson, C., Scott M., and the Council on Children with Disabilities, 2007, 1183-1186). Autism can be defined as a disorder of the â€Å"affective contact, as an organic dysfunction of biological origin, and as a neurological or brain disorder† (Marwick, Dunlop and MacKay, 2005, 8). This disorder vitiates the functional abilities of a child to form appropriate social relations, and communicate effectively with those around him, while also failing to answer correctly to an external stimulus. The exact nature of the cause of this disorder still remains unknown, though many scientific papers suggest that Autism may originate from genetic mutations that take place within the human body. However, there are no clarifications, whether this disorder results from the rare pairings of some

Correctional Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Correctional Challenges - Essay Example A reduced workforce means that the remaining employees will have longer shifts with more work, which may lead to complaints and disagreements. Another challenge is that the correctional manager is forced to downsize the number of inmate programs at the facility. It becomes hard to decide which programs are to be downsized or eliminated, considering that most of these programs are very essential for the wellbeing of the inmates and the correctional facility. Vera Institute of Justice (2010) gives the example of the Colorado correctional facility which did away with a military-style boot camp with a 100 bed capacity, in which young offenders who were convicted of non-violent crimes. In some extreme cases, correctional managers are forced to close down some facilities, especially if the number of inmates reduces significantly (Vera Institute of Justice, 2009). The provision of healthcare to inmates is also affected since the government is unable to continually provide pharmaceuticals in correctional facilities. According to Vera Institute of Justice (2009), during the 2007 recession, some states reduced healthcare services towards correctional facilities meaning that the managers of these facilities needed to become innovative and find ways of purchasing drugs at a lower cost. As Gladwin& McConnell (2014) write, during periods of intense fiscal pressure, correctional managers are required to address challenges such as supervising inmates who are poorly organized and overcrowded, and maintaining order. According to Gladwin & McConnell (2014), federal facilities are forced to come up with ways of increasing productivity as a cost-reduction measure. Most of these cost-cutting measures require the involvement of the human resources department. Ideally, one of the ways in which the human resource department can be involved in cost-cutting and increased productivity is by reducing the workforce and digitalizing most processes. For

Effects of tissue paper usage on the environment Research

Effects of tissue usage on the environment - Research Paper Example Effects of tissue paper usage on the environment There have been many advertisements encouraging people to continue using given brands of tissue papers mostly made from trees. Although the use of tissue papers is dominant in females, the United States uses about 50 pounds of tissue products per person annually. Tissues papers have variant effects on the environment. Since, most of the tissue paper use is at home, then, it is possible to regulate the amount of tissue paper that we consume. This paper will discuss the environmental impact of tissue paper and draw a conclusion from the discussion. The paper will then make a persuasive argument about the moral or ethical implications of our consumption. The argument will aim at convincing the rest to adopt our style of using tissue paper that is reducing the consumption and using the recycled. There are variant effects of tissue paper usage on the environment. The impact depends on the production, mode of use and method of disposal. Tissue paper usage destroys forests, wildlife habitat, aridity, and may lead to loss of biodiversity because of the huge number of trees used in the production. As such, deforestation has now become a major environmental concern because of the negative effects on the humidity, carbon dioxide levels, and earth's temperature. There are variant effects of tissue paper usage on the environment. The impact depends on the production, mode of use and method of disposal. Tissue paper usage destroys forests, wildlife habitat, aridity, and may lead to loss of biodiversity because of the huge number of trees used in the production. (European Commission Web). As such, deforestation has now become a major environmental concern because of the negative effects on the humidity, carbon dioxide levels, and earth's temperature (Secret life Web). The production of tissue papers uses a lot of energy in transportation and distribution. Tissue paper production uses a lot of water hence depleting the scarce water sources and pollutes the water sources via the emissions from the factory (Bajpai 53). The gas emissions directed to the air are pollutants containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulphur oxides, which cause global warming and acidification (European Commission Web). Acidification and global warming affects agricultu re significantly. The emissions to the air and water contain toxic chemicals and cancer- causing chemical that are all pollutants to the environment (simple ecology Web). Additionally, the chemicals used in production of paper and pulp can have negative effects on health and the environment. Toxic chlorine used in pulp breaching is an example of such chemicals (Yaffa Web). Tissue paper is a source of waste in the environment. Many people do not use recycled tissue papers. About one-third of household waste is paper and only one-half is recycled and used in the US (simple ecology Web). Hence, I observe that there are diverse effects of tissue paper usage on the environment. Most of these effects are negative and dire to humans, animals and the environment. Therefore, there is need to minimise the consumption of tissue paper, devise better disposal methods and venture in the usage of 100 % recycled tissue paper products. This guarantees a positive impact on the environment. If we redu ce the consumption of tissue paper from 50 pounds to 33 pounds per person annually and buy only 100% of recycled products we will significantly benefit the environment. We need to use only enough toilet paper, use sponges, cloth towels, and hand dryers in place of paper towels. We can also use cloth napkins at home and only one napkin at fast food outlets. Similarly, we can use a handkerchief in place of a facial tissue where necessary. When these reductions and improvising intertwine with purchase of 100% tissue papers, we can save many trees annually and reduce the water and energy consumption (Lianos Web). This is because tissue paper uses 40% less energy and

Performance Assessment and Gifted Students Essay

Performance Assessment and Gifted Students - Essay Example Study shows that students of these days are almost changing the old education system due to being able to grasp ideas fast and easily. Though not all students are gifted and talented, many of them are able to excel in other different fields at school. With libraries having been incorporated in the learning curriculum, students have made good use of the facilities and have come up with their own research plans and projects. The libraries also encourage students to study ahead of their teachers, where they make use of a variety of materials apart from the normal class notes given by their teachers. Research shows that giftedness can be found in all cultures and can be expressed in different ways. Every individual usually has some hidden potential which, if given a little push could be unleashed. This is because despite having the gifts and talents, some students might just sit on them without taking any step to exploit them. It is thus the reason that teachers, parents and guardians sh ould take note of the gifted students and look out for the untapped hidden ability in them (Sarouphim 277). To start with, one must adopt a broader view of the idea of intelligence, giftedness, and talents that goes beyond the academic performance of an individual and which includes a wide variety of human abilities. Before beginning the process, it is also important to pay attention to the different kinds of giftedness that exist in an individual. These may include; emergent giftedness, potential giftedness or high-potential giftedness (Calero, Belen and Robles 176). The authors also provided that the reasons for having this procedure was because the giftedness or creativity level in a person was also affected by other external factors other than the individual’s own abilities. Such include; the socio-environmental variables, which may either hinder or optimize the abilities. This is mainly due to the fact that the environment with which a person grows up in can to a great e xtent affect how he or she exploits his or her talents. Study shows that individual’s performance could be affected by cultural and environmental factors, especially those in underrepresented communities (Sternberg and Reis 142). The extent to which an individual exploits their abilities is also said to depend on their gender. This is greatly affected by the research results which indicate that men are said to be more competent than women and, thus, their performance it deemed to be also better (Gorman and Kmec 841). This extensively affects the mentality of women and thus, very few of them will be willing to exploit their gifts and talents. Otherwise, others will sit on them and do nothing due to fear. Research also indicates that the performance of women will also be affected by the fact that no one pays attention or cares about their hidden abilities. Performance assessment of verbal and math achievement in students showed that the level of giftedness in students also diff ered in terms of gender. By use of the Internal/External Frame Model, (I/E Model) both males and females were found to be similarly gifted in the way that they formed their verbal and math self-concepts. However, the results of their scores were found to be completely different. Female students were found to be more

Galatea and the Swing paintings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Galatea and the Swing paintings - Essay Example The essay "Galatea and the Swing paintings" analyzes the paintings of Raphael Santi, Galatea and the Swing. Raphael Santi is one of the most outstanding representatives of High Renaissance art style. He is considered to be the one of the most gifted painters and architects in the world. The gift of Italian painter was recognized not only by his contemporaries, but also in the next centuries. According to experts, this painter is an absolute authority in the area of classical art and the most famous picture galleries try to get his paintings. It is essential to consider the fresco of Raphael Galatea. It was created in 1512 and represents a part of wall-painting of the villa, which belonged to one of the richest men of that time. If to look at the painting, it is possible to notice that it is a typical representative of high Renaissance art. â€Å"It is perhaps no accident that the factuality of the Italian Renaissance has been most vigorously questioned by those who are not obliged t o take a professional interest in the aesthetic aspects of civilization—historians of economic and social developments, political and religious situations, and, most particularly, natural science—but only exceptionally by students of literature and hardly ever by historians of Art†.The main distinguishing features of High Renaissance were glorifying human body and the resurrection of antiquity ideals (Reynolds and Wilson 15). Galatea was based on the Ancient Greek myth about the theft of Galatea. The fresco shows the beautiful Galatea.

Self-Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self-Assessment - Essay Example The value of quality communication skills is immeasurable especially when it comes to creating personal development and creating relationships. I tend to think of myself as outgoing and love initiating warm up conversations with people (Robbins, 2008). In an attempt to determine my strengths and weaknesses in terms of communication, I took a test on face-to-face communication style. The results, which prove what my peers think of me, indicate that I have a stronghold in the areas of being friendly, attentive to matters and contentious (Robbins, 2008). In addition, I appeared not only secretive about my own issues but to also leave an impression on people. My weak point according to the test on the face-to-face communication style include not being effective in delivering message to a group, being a loud communicator and finding it difficult to control myself in a heated debate. Several factors contributed to the perception by my peers that I am friendly. The first attribute was that I ordinarily introduce myself and give a handshake coupled with a smile, every time I meet a new person (Robbins, 2008). My peers were of the view that I tend to show effort in remembering the names of individuals. Most of my friends stated that I tend to associate the names of individuals close to me with a unique feature. To add to that is the perception that I often use courtesy words for instance Thank you and your welcome. According to Robbins (2008), with regard to the issue of paying attention to detail, majority of my peer argued that I occasionally make a lot of eye contact and nod my head to show understanding on an issue. My body language says it all as depending on the environment, I usually lean forward on the side of the speaker thereby indicating focus on the message. The perception of my contentiousness arises from the judgment that I argue my points from facts.